【3.1】matplotlib-legend

legend的几个特征：

• legend entry：A legend is made up of one or more legend entries. An entry is made up of exactly one key and one label.
• legend key：The colored/patterned marker to the left of each legend label.
• legend label：The text which describes the handle represented by the key.
• legend handle：The original object which is used to generate an appropriate entry in the legend.

ax与plt用法至少目前使用开看，是一样哒

一、legend_entry

handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles, labels)

指定legend

line_up, = plt.plot([1,2,3], label='Line 2')
line_down, = plt.plot([3,2,1], label='Line 1')
plt.legend(handles=[line_up, line_down])

有的时候，不持之handles，可以这样来：

line_up, = plt.plot([1,2,3], label='Line 2')
line_down, = plt.plot([3,2,1], label='Line 1')
plt.legend([line_up, line_down], ['Line Up', 'Line Down'])

二、自定义legend

2.1 好玩的样式

import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

red_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='red', label='The red data')
plt.legend(handles=[red_patch])

plt.show()

2.2 也可以添加一些形状

import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

blue_line = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='blue', marker='*',
                          markersize=15, label='Blue stars')
plt.legend(handles=[blue_line])

plt.show()

修改Legend形状

import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

blue_star = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='blue', marker='*', linestyle='None',
                          markersize=10, label='Blue stars')
red_square = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='red', marker='s', linestyle='None',
                          markersize=10, label='Red squares')
purple_triangle = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='purple', marker='^', linestyle='None',
                          markersize=10, label='Purple triangles')

plt.legend(handles=[blue_star, red_square, purple_triangle])

plt.show()

2.3 设置图例边框及背景

plt.legend(loc='best',frameon=False) #去掉图例边框
plt.legend(loc='best',edgecolor='blue') #设置图例边框颜色
plt.legend(loc='best',facecolor='blue') #设置图例背景颜色,若无边框,参数无效

2.4 修改图例标题(title)

plt.legend(loc='best',title='figure 1 legend') #去掉图例边框

ax.legend(title='This is a legend')

2.5 获取并设置legend图例       

plt.legend(loc=0, numpoints=1)
leg = plt.gca().get_legend() #或leg=ax.get_legend()
ltext = leg.get_texts()
plt.setp(ltext, fontsize=12,fontweight='bold') 

2.6 设置图例

legend = ax.legend((rectsTest1, rectsTest2, rectsTest3), ('test1', 'test2', 'test3'))  
legend = ax.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True, fontsize='x-large')
legend.get_frame().set_facecolor('red') #设置图例legend背景为红色
frame = legend.get_frame()  
frame.set_alpha(1)  
frame.set_facecolor('none')  #设置图例legend背景透明  

2.7 移除图例

ax1.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax1中的图例
ax2.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax2中的图例
ax3.legend_.remove() ##移除子图ax3中的图例

2.8 legend横着排列（ncol）

ax.legend(ncol=5, loc='upper center')

三、legend位置

3.1 一般用法

plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1),
           bbox_transform=plt.gcf().transFigure)

其他用法：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot([1,2,3], label="test1")
plt.plot([3,2,1], label="test2")
# Place a legend above this subplot, expanding itself to
# fully use the given bounding box.
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102), loc=3,
           ncol=2, mode="expand", borderaxespad=0.)

plt.subplot(223)
plt.plot([1,2,3], label="test1")
plt.plot([3,2,1], label="test2")
# Place a legend to the right of this smaller subplot.
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc=2, borderaxespad=0.)

plt.show()

loc的数字对应的位置：

3.2 设置图例legend到图形边界外

red_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='red', label='Typical Alpha Helix')
blue_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='blue', label='Typical Beta Strand')
hotpink_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='#FF00FF', label='Alike Alpha Helix')
green_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='#31A0DA', label='Alike Beta Strand')
black_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='black', label='Irregular ')

#主要是bbox_to_anchor的使用,给legend留出空间
box = ax1.get_position()
ax1.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width*0.88 , box.height])
box2 = ax2.get_position()
ax2.set_position([box2.x0, box2.y0, box2.width*0.88 , box2.height])

ax1.legend(handles=[red_patch,blue_patch,hotpink_patch,green_patch,black_patch],loc=1, bbox_to_anchor=(1.0, 0.9),fontsize=40,bbox_transform=plt.gcf().transFigure)

详解：

• fontsize : 调解font字体大小
• loc : legend 的位置为右上角
• set_position ： 先定义好图形的位置，这里是为了给legend留出空间，这一步很关键，不然legend死活出不来
• bbox_to_anchor ： 选择legend位置
• bbox_transform : 与bbox_to_anchor搭配着用，bbox_to_anchor中的相对位置是在bbox_transform基础上定义的

四、一张图上多个legend

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

line1, = plt.plot([1,2,3], label="Line 1", linestyle='--')
line2, = plt.plot([3,2,1], label="Line 2", linewidth=4)

# Create a legend for the first line.
first_legend = plt.legend(handles=[line1], loc=1)

# Add the legend manually to the current Axes.
ax = plt.gca().add_artist(first_legend)

# Create another legend for the second line.
plt.legend(handles=[line2], loc=4)

plt.show()

例子：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerLine2D

line1, = plt.plot([3,2,1], marker='o', label='Line 1')
line2, = plt.plot([1,2,3], marker='o', label='Line 2')

plt.legend(handler_map={line1: HandlerLine2D(numpoints=4)})

例子：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy.random import randn

z = randn(10)

red_dot, = plt.plot(z, "ro", markersize=15)
# Put a white cross over some of the data.
white_cross, = plt.plot(z[:5], "w+", markeredgewidth=3, markersize=15)

plt.legend([red_dot, (red_dot, white_cross)], ["Attr A", "Attr A+B"])

例子：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches

class AnyObject(object):
    pass

class AnyObjectHandler(object):
    def legend_artist(self, legend, orig_handle, fontsize, handlebox):
        x0, y0 = handlebox.xdescent, handlebox.ydescent
        width, height = handlebox.width, handlebox.height
        patch = mpatches.Rectangle([x0, y0], width, height, facecolor='red',
                                   edgecolor='black', hatch='xx', lw=3,
                                   transform=handlebox.get_transform())
        handlebox.add_artist(patch)
        return patch

plt.legend([AnyObject()], ['My first handler'],
           handler_map={AnyObject: AnyObjectHandler()})

例子：

from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerPatch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches


class HandlerEllipse(HandlerPatch):
    def create_artists(self, legend, orig_handle,
                       xdescent, ydescent, width, height, fontsize, trans):
        center = 0.5 * width - 0.5 * xdescent, 0.5 * height - 0.5 * ydescent
        p = mpatches.Ellipse(xy=center, width=width + xdescent,
                             height=height + ydescent)
        self.update_prop(p, orig_handle, legend)
        p.set_transform(trans)
        return [p]


c = mpatches.Circle((0.5, 0.5), 0.25, facecolor="green",
                    edgecolor="red", linewidth=3)
plt.gca().add_patch(c)

plt.legend([c], ["An ellipse, not a rectangle"],
           handler_map={mpatches.Circle: HandlerEllipse()})

参考资料

• https://matplotlib.org/users/legend_guide.html
• https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.legend.html
• http://jonathansoma.com/lede/foundations-2018/matplotlib/customizing-matplotlib-legends/
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47391702/how-to-make-a-colored-markers-legend-from-scratch